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African American Hoodoo (also known as "conjure", "rootworking", "root doctoring", or "working the root") is a traditional African American folk spirituality that developed from a number of West African, Native American and later on incorporating European spiritual traditions and beliefs. ==Roots of hoodoo== Hoodoo has some spiritual principles and practices that are similar to spiritual folkways in Haitian, Jamaican, and New Orleans traditions. It is believed Hoodoo evolved in the Mississippi Delta where the concentration of slaves had been dense. Hoodoo then spread throughout the Southeast as well as North along the Mississippi as African Americans left the Delta beginning in the 1930s. Hoodoo is an ever-evolving process, continuously synthesizing from contact with other cultures, religions, and folkways. What is notable about the hoodoo folk process is the use of biblical figures in its practices and in the lives of its practitioners.〔Smith, Theophus H. 1994. Conjuring Culture: Biblical Formations of Black America. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 3.〕 Most practitioners of hoodoo integrate this folkway with their Christian religious faith. Icons of Christian saints are often found on hoodoo shrines or altars. The word ''hoodoo'' first was documented in American English in 1875 and was classified as a noun (the practice of hoodoo) or a transitive verb: "I hoodoo you"... with a potion that causes healing, a parapsychological power, or some harm.〔Hoodoo might also be an adjective. For example, in the Creedence Clearwater Revival song "Born on the Bayou", the line "I can still hear that old hound dog barking, chasin' down a hoodoo there", refers to a hoodoo doctor, someone who is sought by others as a mentor or a minister.〕〔(Merriam Webster Online )〕 In African American Vernacular English (AAVE), hoodoo is often used to describe a paranormal consciousness or spiritual hypnosis, a spell. But hoodoo may also be used as an adjective for a practitioner, such as "hoodoo man". Known hoodoo spells date back to the 1800s. Spells are dependent on the intention of the practitioner and "reading" of the client.〔(Mystical Hoodoo with Mother Mystic )〕 Regional synonyms for hoodoo include ''conjuration'', ''witchcraft'', or ''rootwork''.〔Hyatt, Harry Middleton. 1970–1978. ''Hoodoo--Conjuration--Witchcraft--Rootwork''. 5 vols. Hannibal: Western〕 Older sources from the 18th and 19th century sometimes use the word "Obeah" to describe equivalent folk practices.〔http://lucky-temple.com/history-hoodoo-voodoo-wicca-obeah.html〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hoodoo (folk magic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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